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In 1989, the national Indian TV, Doordarshan, ran a serial on Tipu Sultan, ruler
of Mysore from 1782 to 1799 A.D. With the lofty objective of national
integration and communal harmony, the national TV presented Tipu Sultan as a
hero of Hindu -Muslim amity and a staunch freedom fighter against the British.
But what do the original sources tell us about Tipu? Here are some excerpts
from Tipu's letters as researched by the distinguished Kerala historian K. M.
Panicker, which he reviewed in the Bhasha Poshini magazine, August 1923:
1. Letter dated March 22, 1788, to Abdul Kadir: "Over 12,000 Hindus
were honoured with Islam. There were many Namboodri Brahmins among them. This
achievement should be widely publicised among the Hindus. Then the local
Hindus should be brought before you and converted to Islam. No Namboodri
Brahmin should be spared."
2. Letter dated December 14, 1788, to his army chief in Calicut: "I am
sending two of my followers with Mir Hussain Ali. With their assistance, you
should capture and kill all Hindus. Those below 20 may be kept in prison and
5000 from the rest should be killed from the tree-tops. These are my
orders."
3. Letter dated January 18, 1790, to Syed Abdul Dulai: " ...almost all
Hindus in Calicut are converted to Islam. I consider this as Jehad."
In 'A Voyage to the East Indies' Fra Barthoelomeo, a renowned
Portuguese traveller and historian, who was present in Tipu's war zone in early
1790 wrote:
"First a corps of 30,000 barbarians who butchered everybody on the way
... followed by the field gun unit under the French commander, M. Lally. Tipu
was riding on an elephant behind which another army of 30,000 soldiers
followed. Most of the men and women were hanged in Calicut, first mothers were
hanged with their children tied to necks of mothers. That barbarian Tipu
Sultan tied the naked Christian and Hindus to the legs of elephants and made
the elephants to move around till the bodies of the helpless victims were torn
to pieces. Temples and churches were ordered to be burned down, desecrated,
and destroyed. ... Those Christians who refused to be honoured with Islam were
ordered to be killed by hanging immediately. These atrocities were told to me
by the victims of Tipu Sultan who escaped from the clutches of his army and
reached Varapphuza, which is the centre of Carmichael Christian Mission. I
myself helped many victims to cross the Varapphuza river by boats."
Moreover, evidence of Tipu's atrocities abounds in many contemporary church
records in Mangalore, Calicut, and Varapphuza.
In the words of writer Ravi Varma : "It was Tipu Sultan and his fanatic
Muslim army who converted thousands of Hindus to Islam all along the invasion
route and occupied areas in North Kerala, Coorg, Mangalore, and other parts of
Karnataka. Besides over 8,000 Hindu temples were desecrated and/or destroyed by
his Muslim army. Even today, one can see large concentrations of Muslims and
ruins of hundreds of destroyed temples in North Kerala as standing evidence of
the Islamic brutalities committed by Tipu Sultan ... He was, all through, waging
a cruel Islamic war against the Hindu population of Kerala, with a large Muslim
army and ably assisted by the French with powerful field guns and European
troops. ...In spite of all this, historical documents and records are being
suppressed, distorted, and falsified in order to project this fanatic Tipu
Sultan of Mysore as a national hero like Chhatrapati Shivaji, Maharaja Ranjit
Singh, Rana Pratap Singh, and Pazhassi Raja of Kerala. It is an insult to our
national pride and also to the Hindus of Kerala by our 'secular' government and
the motivated Muslim and Marxist historians of Jawaharlal Nehru, Aligarh, and
Islamia universities."
Does the Doordarshan serial's characterization of Tipu in "The Sword of
Tipu Sultan" as a patron of Hindu temples have any historical basis at all?
Yes, says C. Nandagopal Menon, the convenor of the Bombay Malayalee Samajam:
"Tipu had immense faith in astrology. It was at the appeal of his Hindu
astrologer and his own mother that Tipu spared two temples out of 12 within
Sriangapatnam Fort. Moreover, by the end of 1790, Tipu was facing enemies from
all sides. He was also defeated at the Travancore Defence Lines. It was only
then, in order to appease the Hindus of Mysore, that he gave some land-grants to
Hindu temples."
As to Tipu's struggle against the British, it was to maintain his usurped
kingdom, not as a nationalist fight for freedom. This is clear from the
historical documents in which he invited the French to join him to defeat the
British and then divide South India between himself and the French.
Dr. P.C.C. Raja, a direct descendent of the Zamorin of Calicut, writes :
"Tipu Sultan was one of the worst fanatics, and more inhuman than even the
Nazis."
Historical evidence has clearly established that Tipu Sultan was, to put it
mildly, no multicultural hero. Indian State TV's promotion of the serial's
pseudo-history, in the name of secularism no less, was a flagrant exercise of
pseudo-secularism.
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